The Mammoth Site in Hot Springs, SD

Tucked away in the scenic Black Hills of South Dakota, Hot Springs is home to one of the most fascinating archaeological sites in North America: The Mammoth Site.

A renowned paleontological treasure, this active dig site offers a window into the Ice Age, allowing visitors to step back in time to a world dominated by massive creatures like mammoths, mastodons, and other ancient animals. Whether you're a history buff, a nature lover, or simply seeking an educational experience, The Mammoth Site provides an unforgettable journey through time.

The modern history of The Mammoth Site

The story of the modern-day Mammoth Site began in 1974. A construction crew was digging a foundation for a new home in Hot Springs when they discovered a collection of mammoth bones, embedded in the earth. They contacted paleontologists who were able to confirm that this was a major archaeological find. Since then, ongoing excavation work has unearthed the remains of over 60 mammoths along with other Ice Age animals.

The site was officially opened to the public in 1978, and in 1980, it was covered with a protective building to preserve the bones and allow for continued excavation. The large, climate-controlled structure that now houses the site allows researchers to study the remains while providing visitors with a chance to view the excavation work in progress.

That's where it stands today, but what happened to trap the mammoths in the first place?

What happened at The Mammoth Site ... prehistorically

he Mammoth Site is situated atop a natural thermal spring, which fed a large pond during the Ice Age and became a source of water for prehistoric wildlife.

At some point, the ground beneath the pool's edge gave way, forming a sinkhole. The steep, sloped walls of the sinkhole made it difficult for animals to escape once they ventured too close to the water.

Mammoths, drawn to the spring for its water and vegetation, may have unknowingly wandered into the area, only to find themselves unable to climb out of the steep, slick pit. This is the most widely accepted theory for how the mammoths became trapped.

The fossilized remains show that many of the mammoths in the site were either young or elderly — animals less likely to have the strength and agility to climb out once they'd fallen in.

The remains of these animals were preserved in the soft sediment at the bottom of the sinkhole, where they were eventually buried by layers of earth and protected from the elements.

While mammoths were the most prominent species found at The Mammoth Site, they were not the only animals to become trapped. Mastodons, saber-toothed cats, giant ground sloths, and even camel-like creatures are also represented at the site.

Some paleontologists that predators such as saber-toothed cats, may have been attracted to the site as well, preying on the trapped animals. The presence of their remains suggests that they might have been caught in the pit while trying to scavenge the carcasses.

Is The Mammoth Site worth visiting?

The Mammoth Site is one of the most significant paleontological discoveries in North America. It's also one of the largest concentrations of mammoth remains in the world.

Visitors can explore the site from an elevated walkway that allows for unobstructed views of the excavation pit, where bones are still being uncovered. The fossils, mostly from Woolly Mammoths, are meticulously preserved in their original positions, providing valuable insight into the behavior and natural history.

While the bones are impressive on their own, it's the site’s ongoing excavation that makes it so compelling. Unlike many other historical sites, The Mammoth Site is an active dig, with paleontologists and volunteers working side-by-side to uncover new fossils and interpret the findings. This dynamic, living history makes each visit feel like a part of a larger scientific discovery.

Rotating Exhibits and Educational Experiences

In addition to the permanent displays, the site regularly hosts special exhibits that highlight specific aspects of prehistoric life. Past exhibits have focused on the role of other animals such as saber-toothed cats and giant sloths, as well as the tools and survival strategies of early humans.

One of the standout attractions is the immersive film that takes you back in time, simulating the environment and events that could have led to the formation of the site. It’s an engaging way to connect with the past and better understand the forces that shaped this region over thousands of years.

Volunteer opportunities

For those who are passionate about history and archaeology, volunteering at The Mammoth Site is a unique opportunity to get hands-on experience and contribute to scientific discoveries. Volunteers at the site assist with everything from fossil preparation to educational programs.

The Mammoth Site offers summer excavation programs for both amateurs and experienced volunteers. These programs allow participants to take part in digging, brushing, and cataloging fossils under the guidance of professional scientists. Volunteers also have the chance to work on fossil restoration and help in the preparation of fossils for display. The experience is invaluable for those looking to immerse themselves in paleontology and engage with the scientific community.

Educational and family-friendly attraction in Hot Springs

The Mammoth Site is not just for scientists or history enthusiasts; it’s a perfect family destination as well. The site provides a wealth of educational resources that engage visitors of all ages.

For children, the site offers interactive displays and educational materials designed to spark curiosity about the natural world and prehistoric life. The staff also hosts special events throughout the year, including hands-on workshops, fossil preparation demonstrations, and guest speakers.

Hot Springs location and nearby attractions

The Mammoth Site is located just minutes from downtown Hot Springs, South Dakota, and is conveniently situated a short drive Highland Meadows Resort and the FlatIron boutique hotel — perfect places to stay when visiting the site. Highland Meadows offers a peaceful and scenic retreat with comfortable accommodations, providing easy access to this world-class archaeological attraction. Hot Springs itself is a charming town, known for its natural mineral springs, and is located within a short drive of other notable attractions like Wind Cave National Park, Moccasin Springs, and Evans Plunge.

For those visiting the area, The Mammoth Site serves as an excellent starting point for exploring the region’s rich natural history. With nearby attractions like Mount Rushmore, Custer State Park, and The Crazy Horse Memorial, Hot Springs offers a great base for exploring the Black Hills.

Planning our Hot Springs vacation

Whether you're fascinated by ancient animals, intrigued by paleontology, or simply looking for an engaging family activity, The Mammoth Site in Hot Springs, SD, offers a unique and educational experience. It’s an attraction that brings the past to life, making it a must-see destination in the Black Hills. With its ongoing excavation, rotating exhibits, volunteer opportunities, and proximity to other local attractions, it’s a site that promises to engage and inspire visitors of all ages.

Plan your visit to The Mammoth Site and dive deep into the prehistoric world of mammoths and Ice Age animals—an experience that’s both fun and informative, perfect for all types of explorers.